Answer:
b. art and religion.
Explanation:
Arabic calligraphy emerged as an expression of the Islamic faith. According to the Muslim religion, Allah spoke in Arabic and his words were recorded in that language in the holy book Quran. Hence its importance to the faithful, who consider Arabic writing a spiritual treasure. For centuries and centuries calligraphy has been used to preserve and spread the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Just remembering: I had no printer or typewriter (or laptops!) At that time, to reproduce a book had to be in hand.
