What is the time constant of a 9.0-nm-thick membrane surrounding a 0.040-mm-diameter spherical cell? Assume the resistivity of the cell membrane as 3.6×107 Ω⋅m and the dielectric constant is approximately 9.0. Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Respuesta :

Given Information:

Diameter of spherical cell = 0.040 mm

thickness = L = 9 nm

Resistivity =  ρ = 3.6×10⁷ Ω⋅m

Dielectric constant = k = 9.0

Required Information:

time constant = τ = ?

Answer:

time constant = 2.87×10⁻³ seconds

Explanation:

The time constant is given by

τ = RC

Where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance.

We know that resistivity of of any material is given by

ρ = RA/L

R =  ρL/A

Where area of spherical cell is given by

A = 4πr²

A = 4π(d/2)²

A = 4π(0.040×10⁻³/2)²

A = 5.026×10⁻⁹ m²

The resistance becomes

R =  (3.6×10⁷*9×10⁻⁹)/5.026×10⁻⁹

R = 6.45×10⁷ Ω

The capacitance of the cell membrane is given by

C = kεoA/L

Where k = 9 is the dielectric constant and εo = 8.854×10⁻¹² F/m

C = (9*8.854×10⁻¹²*5.026×10⁻⁹)/9×10⁻⁹

C = 44.5 pF

C = 44.5×10⁻¹² F

Therefore, the time constant is

τ = RC

τ = 6.45×10⁷*44.5×10⁻¹²

τ = 2.87×10⁻³ seconds

In this exercise we have to use our knowledge of thermodynamics to calculate the time, so we have:

[tex]t = 2.87*10^{-3}[/tex]

First, organizing the information given in the statement, we have that:

  • Diameter of spherical cell = 0.040 mm
  • thickness = L = 9 nm
  • Resistivity =  ρ = 3.6×10⁷ Ω⋅m
  • Dielectric constant = k = 9.0

Using the constant time formula we find that:

[tex]T = RC[/tex]

Then it is necessary to start calculating the area to use the formula above, like this:

[tex]A = 4\pir^2\\A = 4\pi(d/2)^2\\A = 4\pi(0.040*10^{-3}/2)^2\\A = 5.026*10^{-9} m^2[/tex]

Using the resistance formula we find that:

[tex]R = \rho L/A\\R = (3.6*10^7*9*10{-9})/5.026*10^{-9}\\R = 6.45*10^7[/tex]

Using the capacitance formula we have:

[tex]C = (9*8.854*10^{-12}*5.026*10^{-9})/9*10^{-9}\\C = 44.5 pF\\C = 44.5*10^{-12} F[/tex]

Returning to the time formula given earlier, we find that:

[tex]T= 6.45*10^{7}*44.5*10^{-12}\\T= 2.87*10^{-3} seconds[/tex]

See more about time at brainly.com/question/2570752

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