Respuesta :
Autocrine signaling
Explanation:
In autocrine signaling,signal acts on same cells which produce them
- Sonic Hedgehog helps in cell growth and development
- Hedgehog signaling pathway plays an essential role during vertebrate embryonic development
- Sonic hedgehog has particularly marked roles in nervous system cell type specification and limbs patterning
- Activation of sonic hedgehog pathway can happen in two major ways:
- Canonical signaling: by ligand-dependent interaction or through receptor-induced signaling
- Non-canonical signaling:when there’s a mechanism of activation downstream of smoothened
- The sonic hedgehog canonical signaling occurs when the glycoprotein sonic hedgehog binds and inactivates the 12-transmembrane protein Patched
- In the lack of the ligand sonic hedgehog, the activity of the 7-transmembrane protein smoothened is inhibited by patched so sonic hedgehog protein binding patched regulates smoothened activity
- The non–canonical activation occurs through Gli-independent mechanisms and it can be of two types
- Type I which modulates Ca2+ and actin cytoskeleton
- When sonic hedgehog binds the receptor patched, smoothened is no longer inhibited and couple Gi proteins (G) and small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 activated
- Type II is the one which is independent on smoothened
- When smoothened binds patched, the interaction of patched with cyclin B1 is disrupted, leading to an increase in cell proliferation and survival