Answer: b) the state of including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively without limit or exception.
Explanation:
Universality is the quality of universal inclusiveness. It applies to all the people/objects in a particular group, without any exception. The best definition of universality is given in option b).
Excluding is a complete opposite to universality.
Ageism is a term for discrimination against people due to their age.
Bias is a term for either inclination for or prejudice against people / a group of people.
