Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with a functional organization? a. Resources are easily shared between departments and projects. b. Everyone in the organization reports up through one and only one supervisor. c. There are clear lines of authority according to type of work. d. Staff is grouped by areas of specialization.

A functional organization refers to a kind of organization structured based upon the tasks and functions individuals perform. For example, different departments created within an organization which specifically deal with a specific function.

Examples would be, accounting department, production department, advertising department, etc.

Here each department reports to it's functional head. Thus, reporting requirements are clear in such a structure and tasks are organized as per specialization.

One of the limitations of such form of organization being, there is lack of coordination and sharing of resources between different departments and projects since everybody is only bothered of their own department and there is lack of coherence.