Question

High-energy radiation is often used to treat cancer. Which statement best explains why this treatment is effective?

A.The radiation kills cancer cells but leaves healthy cells intact
B. The radiation is especially damaging to cancer cells because of their high rate of mitosis.

C. The radiation is especially damaging to cancer cells because of their genetic composition.
D. The radiation kills cancer cells and healthy cells equally, but is directed precisely at cancer cells.

Answer 1

Answer:

Statement that best explains why High-energy radiation is effective to treat cancer is the radiation kills cancer cells and healthy cells equally, but is directed precisely at cancer cells (option D).

Explanation:

Radiotherapy consists of administering high-energy radiation in order to destroy or decrease cancerous tumors, which must sometimes be completed with chemotherapy or surgery.

The mechanism of action of radiotherapy is damaging the DNA of cancer cells, preventing their multiplication, which can also affect DNA on healthy cells. The principle of radiotherapy is to deliver the radiation to the specific area of the body where the tumor or cancerous tissue is located, trying to respect the healthy tissue, which makes this technique effective for the treatment of cancer.

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Answer 2

The statement 'the radiation is especially damaging to cancer cells because of their high rate of mitosis' BEST explains why radiation treatment is effective (Option B).

• Radiation is a well-known physical agent that causes mutations in the DNA of cells.

• Mitosis is a type of cell division by which a parent somatic cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells in normal conditions.

• Cancer cells are somatic (body) cells that exhibit uncontrolled mitotic divisions, thereby abnormally proliferating in cancer tissues.

• In these cells (cancer cells), the cell cycle is accelerated, which means they have a high rate of mitosis.

In conclusion, the statement 'the radiation is especially damaging to cancer cells because of their high rate of mitosis' BEST explains why radiation treatment is effective (Option B).

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