You visit Antarctica on a cold, breezy morning as part of an exploration mission to save the Polar bears. Your team sees a polar bear cub struggling to get out from a hole in the ice. As your team approaches to help the cub, you notice there is water beneath the ice. What is the best explanation for why water did not freeze the ocean beneath the top layer of ice?
⦁ Cool Water expands while warm water contracts. The combination of both makes ice float.
⦁ When liquid water is cooled, it contracts like all liquids do. The cohesion and adhesion interaction allow for water to exist underneath the ice.
⦁ When liquid water is cooled, it contracts like all liquids do. After that, water continues to contract indefinitely. This interaction allows for water to exist underneath the ice.
⦁ When liquid water is cooled, it contracts like one would expect until a temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius is reached. After that, water expands slightly making it less dense than water.

This is true for all bodies of water, lakes, rivers, ponds, etc., all freeze from the top down. It allows for aqautic life to survive during the winter months at the floor of the body of water.

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