Question

Organisms inherit specific traits and characteristics from their parents. Albinism is an inherited disorder that occurs when an organism is unable to produce or distribute melanin. Melanin is a substance in the body that helps determine skin color, hair color, and eye color. An albino alligator. Which is the basic unit of heredity that carries the trait of albinism from parent to offspring? base pairs genes proteins codons

Answer 1

Answer:

Genes

Explanation:

• Genes are the units of inheritance. They contain information (DNA) required for the production of normal, functional proteins responsible for various bodily functions.
• Albinism is a group of inherited disorders that result in little or no production of a pigment called melanin.
• Albinism is associated with skin, hair and particularly, eye problems as melanin is involved in the development of some optic nerves.
• Albinism has two major forms, both linked to genetic mutations.
• Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is associated with eyes, skin and hair. It is autosomal recessive i.e. an individual needs to inherit the mutated (recessive) allele from both parents.

• Ocular albinism type 1 is the other form of albinism that only involves the eyes, although the skin and hair will still be of a lighter tone. It is an X-linked disorder i.e. the mutated gene is present on the X chromosome. Since, males have only one X chromosome, they are more susceptible to ocular albinism type 1.

Answer 2

The basic unit of heredity that carries the trait of albinism from parent to offspring is GENES.

• Genes are considered as the basic functional and structural units of heredity because they contain specific sets of instructions to encode specific proteins, which pass across generations (i.e., they are inherited).

• During gene expression, specific fragments of DNA (i.e., genes) are used as templates to create specific complementary RNA sequences called messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by a process called transcription.

• Subsequently, these mRNAs are used to synthesize proteins by a process called translation.

• The proteins arrange in the cell to produce specific phenotypes, i.e., specific observable features or traits.

In conclusion, the basic unit of heredity that carries the trait of albinism from parent to offspring is GENES.

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