Answer:
Centralized decision making authority
Explanation:
The concept of total quality management was proposed by Edwards Deming who laid immense emphasis upon improvement of product quality and providing highest value to the customers.
The concept aims at providing high quality goods, effective after sales services, driven by the objective of providing highest level of possible satisfaction to the customers.
TQM includes benchmarking which means creating standards or benchmarks against which actual performance shall be evaluated.
It includes continuous improvement in products and services as this being one of it's objectives.
The concept does not incorporate centralized decision making which refers to decisions being taken only by the top management with subordinates having negligible say. Such decision making would increase the time and hence reduce efficiency.
