The periodic table help in predicting the formula of a stable ionic compound Metals in Group 2 form anions with a –2 charge.
- Aluminum and the elements in group 3 are always +3 when they form cations. Zinc and cadmium always form +2 cations. Although silver can form both +1 and +2 cations, the +2 is so rare that we usually name Ag+ as a silver ion, not a silver ion.
- We will assume that all of the metallic elements other than those mentioned above can have more than one charge, so their cation names will include a Roman numeral. For example, Mn2+ has been named manganese. We know to put the Roman numeral in the name because manganese is not on our list of metals with only one charge.
- The metallic elements in groups other than 1, 2, or 3 also loose electrons to form cations, but they do so in less easily predicted ways. It will be useful to memorize some of the charges for these metals. Ask your instructor which ones you will be expected to know. To answer the questions in this text, you will need to know that iron atoms form both Fe2+ and Fe3+, copper atoms form Cu+ and Cu2+, zinc atoms form Zn2+, cadmium atoms form Cd2+, and silver atoms form Ag+. The image below summarizes the charges of the ions that you should know at this stage.
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