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 Explanation:

Multiple mutations are necessary in several protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to form cancer-causing genes, or oncogenes, which evolve from protooncogenes that control normal cell division. They may undergo mutations that alter gene expression, disrupt cell regulation, and result in normal cells being transformed into tumor cells— their resulting proteins are abnormal or not formed. Tumor suppressor genes can also mutate which can stop unchecked cell growth and division.

Each individual inherits from their parents 2 copies of a gene-a single mutation in one of these does not lead directly to cancer. Multiple oncogenes activated result in damage, non-functional proteins and together contribute to forming cancers.

Further Explanation:

Spontaneous changes within the genome can occur during the cycle of cell division. Such mutations are mistakes as copies of the DNA are made within the cell; mutations can range from small modifications called single nucleotide polymorphisms to large-scale deletions and multi-gene additions.

There are two types:

  • somatic: these only occur within certain cells, and arise from environmental factors such as UV light hereditary: occur within germ cells of the parent and later the fertilized egg which forms a zygote; these are present within all cells of the new organism.
  • hereditary: DNA sequences make up genes which may have various forms called alleles. DNA, which forms the genotype, is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins which make up the phenotype of an organism. Mutations in DNA sequences affect the corresponding mRNA and thus the protein encoded.

Learn more about mutations at brainly.com/question/4602376

Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316

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