Unusually cold winter is a density-independent factor for a flock of Canada geese on a large lake.
Density independent factors mean that those factors/variables affect the density of the population. However, the density of the population, on the other hand, does NOT affect the variable.
Explanation:
The other factors are density-dependent except unusually cold winter. The cold is not affected by the population density of the Canadian geese. However, an increase in cold causes the population density to decrease because some individuals in the population will be unable to cope with the cold. Only individuals with traits favorable in the bitter cold survive.
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