Answer:
The answer is;
C). Reverse causality
Reverse causality is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable Y that caused a change in variable X.
Explanation:
Reverse causality as described above is a problem that occurs when one concludes that a change in variable X caused a change in variable Y when in actual fact, it is a change in variable Y that caused a change in variable X. Reverse causality generally implies that variable X and variable Y are related but not in the manner perceived. The initial assumption is that a change in a variable X cause a corresponding change in another variable Y, while in reality it is the opposite. In actual fact, it is the change in variable Y causing a change in another variable X. Thus the name reverse causality.
Omitted variable is always information that is left out of a study that if included, it would elaborate on why two variable are correlated. Lets say for example that a variable X is related to another variable Y, but there is no explanation as to why X and Y are related. This is due to non-consideration of another variable that acts as the link that makes the relationship between X and Y make sense.
Non linear slope is a relationship where the change in one variable is not proportional to the change in the other variable. The slope can be graphically represented by plotting variable X in horizontal axis and variable Y in the vertical axis. A linear relationship will have a straight line when variable X and Y are plotted.
