Answer:
- A signal for apoptosis that comes from outside the cell is when a cell detaches from extracellular matrix. If this happens, a transmembrane signal is triggered.
- Two examples of cellular occurrences that would prompt an apoptosis signal from inside the cell are:
1. Damaged DNA
2. Increase of cytosolic calcium concentration
Explanation:
Apoptosis can be activated from an intrinsic or an extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway is activated when a cell senses stress (for example, damaged DNA or high cytosolic calcium concentration) and triggers death proteins to activate apoptosis mechanism inside of it; the extrinsic pathway refers to the apoptosis triggered by signals that come from other cells. In this scenario, ligands bind to cell-surface death receptors and activates a death-inducing signal.
An example when the signal comes from outside the cell is when a cell detaches from the extracellular matrix while the signal can come from inside the cell due to damaged DNA and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.
Apoptosis simply refers to the process of programmed cell death. It is typically used in order to eliminate cells. It occurs in multicellular organisms.
It should be noted that during apoptosis, the cell shrinks and then pulls away from its neighbors. An example when the signal comes from outside the cell is when a cell detaches from the extracellular matrix. On the other hand, the signal can come from inside the cell due to damaged DNA and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.
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