Question

3. Which discovery supports the hypothesis that evolution of the lactase persistence trait was driven by the use of milk in
pastoralist cultures?
a. The lactase gene is present both in humans and in domesticated animals.
b. Ancient pots used to hold milk are about the same age as the lactase persistence mutations
c. Most human cultures today drink milk and most people worldwide are lactase persistent.
d. Scientists have identified different mutations that cause lactase persistence.

Answer 1

B. Ancient pots used to hold milk are about the same age as the lactase persistent mutations

Answer 2

The discovery that ancient pots used to hold milk are about the same age as the lactase persistence mutations supports the idea that this trait appeared in pastoralist cultures (Option b).

• Lactase is an enzyme required to break down lactose (disaccharide) into glucose and galactose.

• Moreover, lactase persistence is a phenotypic trait associated with the capability of digesting lactose in adult people.

• This trait (lactase persistence) exhibits a high level of genetic variation in human populations, i.e., there are populations in which adult people can digest lactose, whereas there are many other populations in which adult people cannot digest lactose.

• In this regard, it has been shown that lactase persistence is prevalent in pastoralist populations (e.g. Fulani and Bedouin populations).

In conclusion, the discovery that ancient pots used to hold milk are about the same age as the lactase persistence mutations BEST supports the idea that this trait appeared in pastoralist cultures (Option b).

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