Answer:
a. 192
b. 18
Step-by-step explanation:
A four-digit numbers should start with 4, 8 or 9 to be larger than 4000
a. If repetition is allowed, there are 3 options for the 1st slot, 4 options for the 2nd slot, 4 options for the 3rd and last slots. Therefore a total of 3*4*4*4 = 192 possible combination.
b. If repetition is not allowed, there are 3 options for the 1st slot, 3 options for the 2nd slot, 2 options for the 3rd slot, 1 option for the last slot. This makes a total of 3*3*2*1 = 18 possible combinations.
