_____ transparency exists when the end user or programmer must specify the database fragment names but does not need to specify where these fragments are located.

A data independence standard in global DBMSs where questions can be constructed without understanding the local formats. Knowledge of quotas of pieces and components is however important.
With the transparency of local mapping, the user wants to determine both fragment location and name of data items, keeping in mind any replication that may occur.
This is clearly a more complicated and time-consuming question for all the users to answer than the first. A program that only offers it the amount of transparency would be unlikely to be satisfactory to later part-users.

Therefore, "Local mapping" is the right answer.

codiepienagoya codiepienagoya · Answer 2 · 2022-01-14T12:10:38+01:00

The information independence standards by which the global DBMSs are constructed allow questions to be constructed while considering the local formats. Nevertheless, knowledge of piece and part quotas is essential.

With the transparency of local mapping, the user wishes to determine both the fragmentation position and the title of data objects, whilst bearing in mind any replication that may occur.
This is a more intricate and time-consuming inquiry for everyone to answer than the first.
A program that merely provides the bare minimum of transparency is inadequate to meet the future needs of part-users.

Therefore, the answer is "Local mapping".

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