Question

Determine if these molecules and ion are polar.
Explain your answers.
a. H3O+
c. H2s
b. PCI5
d. CF4

Answer 1

Answer:

a. Polar

b. Polar

c. Non-polar

d. Non-polar

Explanation:

a. $H_3O^+$, hydronium cation contains a positive charge. Just as any other ion, it is polar, as it has a net charge.

b. $H_2S$ has the same shape as water. There are two lone pairs on sulfur atom which produce an overall dipole moment in this molecule, the bent structure is polar.

c. $PCl_5$ is non-polar, as the central atom, phosphorus, doesn't contain any lone pairs, all the dipole moments cancel out: two dipole moments in the vertical plane, P-Cl, and three P-Cl dipoles in the horizontal plane within a trigonal bipyramidal shape.

d. $CF_4$ is non-polar, since it's a tetrahedral molecule with no lone pairs on carbon atom, all four C-F dipole moments cancel out to yield a net 0 dipole moment.

Answer 2

A) H₃O⁺ :   Polar

B) H₂S  :   Polar

C) PCI₅  :   Non-polar

D) CF₄  :   Non-polar

Polar molecules are molecules with a net dipole ( i.e. They are partially positive and partially negative ).

H₃O⁺ is a polar ion with a net charge as it contains a positive charge.

H₂S is a polar molecule because of the presence of two lone pairs of sulfur atoms and it has a bent structure just like water making it a polar molecule.

PCI₅ is a nonpolar molecule because the central atom ( P ) does not contain lone pairs of electrons.

CF₄ is a nonpolar molecule because it has tetrahedral geometry and does not have lone pairs on carbon atom.

Hence we can conclude the molecules and ion listed above are ; a) Polar, b) Polar, c) Non-polar and  d) Non-polar

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