An antigen can induce an immune response in a host organism. Antigens are targeted by antibodies that are produced by the organism’s immune system in response to contact with the antigen. Antibodies are specific to antigens. Many different cell types are involved in immune responses. Which of the following best describes the role of cell-to-cell communication during a response to an invasion of antigens?
a. A macrophage cell engulfs a pathogen in the blood.
b. Antigens attaching to receptors on memory B cells stimulate the memory B cells to become plasma cells.
c. Antigen-presenting cells engulf antigens at the first exposure.
d. Chemicals that are secreted from antigen-presenting cells then activate helper T cells.

chemicals that are secreted from antigen-presenting cells then activate helper T cells describes the role of cell-to-cell communication during a response to an invasion of antigens.

Explanation: Antibodies are present on the surface of the cells, and binds specifically to antigens and can also engulf pathogen and process these cells presenting them to MHC class 2. This complex is activated by helper T cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages. This interaction of B-cell and MHC class 2 complex with helper T cell is cell-mediated immune response.

Histrionicus Histrionicus · Answer 2 · 2021-11-30T12:26:03+01:00

The following best describes the role of cell-to-cell communication during a response to an invasion of antigens - d. Chemicals that are secreted from antigen-presenting cells then activate helper T cells.

Immune cells can communicate with each other by directly binding to receptors on each other's surfaces or by chemicals releasing to activate a response.

Immune cells such as APCs release proteins called cytokines and chemokines, which flow away and bind to the surface of a cell that is nearby or far away.
APCs process antigens and present them to T-cells.
They attach to the antigen and activate t-cells to easily identify and kill them by secreting chemicals.

Thus, The following best describes the role of cell-to-cell communication during a response to an invasion of antigens - d. Chemicals that are secreted from antigen-presenting cells then activate helper T cells.

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