A hypothesis is a supposition made for further research and explanation. The hypotheses, theories, and laws in scientific research have observations in common. Thus, option d is correct.
What is a theory?
In science, a theory is a thorough explanation and includes a detailed and widely accepted explanation and reasons that are supported by the collected evidence through experimental and research procedures.
The hypothesis is an assumption made on which the research and experiments are conducted to be proved true. Law is said to be an observed phenomenon that is explained by a theory.
The law, hypothesis, and theory are said to have a common factor called observation. As all three are based on the factor that is seen or experienced.
Therefore, option d. observation is common between law, hypothesis, and theory.
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