Answer:
Risk factors.
Explanation
Any subtance that increases the likehood of a person getting a disease is a risk factor. Therefore cholesterol (low -density-cholesterol (LDC) which causes plaque build up in the arteries is a risk factor for heart disease.
Plaque components are-calcium, cholesterol, fats. The process of building up of plaques in the arteries is called Atherosclerosis.
Futher example are cigarette which is the risk factor for lung cancer.