Answer: many ....to be concise, the result was a strange hybridization between local populations and the conquerors. Usually all these societies were hierarchically organized: 1) Spaniards (representatives of power...for ex. governors etc.), 2) creoles (children of Spaniards born in colonies), 3) mestizos and local people. In such condition it is difficult even today to establish democracies. Relations in such countries (intimate, familial, political) are usually - becauese of the pattern inherited from the previous generations - hierarchical, asymmetrical.
Explanation: what to add ? They brought Spanish language, discrimination, genocide, certain and specific racial prejudice, brought Jesuitic Catholicism, many typical features of Iberian cultures.
