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The correct answer would be option D
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They knew which substances could not be broken down by chemical means.
By definition, an element is the smallest part of a substance which has independent existence and can not be broken down by chemical means.
We must remember that the early chemists didn't have the luxury of the sophisticated equipment we have today many of which can literally "see through" a substance.
The had to depend on rather crude methods and instruments. Amidst all that, they still knew which substances could not be broken down by chemical means and those that could not. Those that could not be broken down by chemical means were labelled as elements and characterized.
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