A riverbed slopes steeply down a hill. Which statement BEST explains the water’s potential energy at the top and bottom of the hill, all else being equal?

A. The potential energy of the water at the top of the hill will be less than the potential energy at the bottom because the water at the top is higher in Earth’s gravitational field.

B.The potential energy of the water at the top of the hill will be greater than the potential energy at the bottom because the water at the top is higher in Earth’s gravitational field.

C. The potential energy of the water at the top of the hill will be less than the potential energy at the bottom because the water at the bottom is higher in Earth’s gravitational field.

D. The potential energy of the water at the top of the hill will be greater than the potential energy at the bottom because the water at the bottom is higher in Earth’s gravitational field.

The water at the top of the hill can do work, when compared to the water at the bottom of the hill, because it is capable of acceleration, by gravity, down the hill and this kinetic energy can then be used to turn turbines to produce electricity. The higher the elevation of the summit of the hill the higher the potential energy of the water at the top. The potential difference is the difference in potential energy of the water at the top and that at the bottom (which translates to the height of the hill).

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