Question

Compare the radius of a nonmetal atom with the radius of its ion. (Ex: Cl vs. Cl^-1)

Answer 1

Answer:

Radius of $Cl^{-}$ ion is more than $Cl$

Explanation:

Radius of atom : It depicts the size of the atom . Distance from the centre of the nucleus to the outermost shell of the atom.

$Z_{eff}$ = Effective nuclear charge : It is the total positive charge of nucleus felt by the valence electron. Greater the $Z_{eff}$ , smaller is the size of the atom ,since electron get held tightly toward nucleus.

$Cl$ : It's radius is 99 pm (picometer) .It has atomic number 17 . 17 proton are holding 17 electrons

$Cl^{-}$ : It's radius is 181 pm. 17 proton are holding 18 electrons

Reason for increase in size from $Cl$ to  $Cl^{-}$.

$Cl^{-}$ is formed when one electron is added to Cl atom.This causes more electron-electron repulsion within the shell.The attractive force of the nucleus reduce because $Z_{eff}$ decreases.