On January 1, 2018, Charlie Co. received $308,000 for bonds with a face amount of $380,000. The stated rate of interest is 8% while the current market rate of interest is 10%. Using the effective interest method, how much interest expense is recognized by Charlie Co. in 2018 (assume annual interest payments and amortization)?

a. $24,640.
b. $30,800.
c. $30,400.
d. $38,000