From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are
A. the paracrine, local, and synaptic stages.
B. signal reception, cellular response, and cell division.
C. signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and new cell generation.
D. the alpha, beta, and gamma stages.
E. signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response.

Cellular communication can be established in different ways that include: a) paracrine communication: the signal acts on neighboring cells; b) endocrine: the signal travels through the bloodstream and reaches distant cells; c) autocrine: the signal reaches the same cell from which it came out; d) neurotransmission: the signal is released by the sending cell into the synaptic space, where it is picked up by the receiving cell; e) cell-cell contacts: the signal remains anchored to the membrane of the sending cell while interacting with the receiving cell and f) through gaps: the signal is diffused from the sending cell to the receiving cell.

Transmission of the signal inside the cell

When a ligand interacts with its membrane receptor, the signal is transmitted into the cell. A cascade of events is then triggered that includes the synthesis of second messengers and the phosphorylation of enzymes catalyzed by protein kinases.

The end of the pathway: the biological response or cellular response

Transduction of external signals produces a response from the white cell. This response is an alteration as a result of the activation or inhibition of some metabolic pathway, and of changes in the shape or movement of the cells. The role of these processes in the control of differentiation, proliferation and cell growth is essential for the normal development and functioning of the organism.