Answer:
d) result in overproduction or underproduction of a good.
Explanation:
Market failure occurs when market forces fails to allocate goods and services efficiently.
The government usually intervenes to correct market failure.
Externalities usually lead to market failure.
Positive externality is when the benefits of economic activities to third parties exceeds its cost. Research and development usually yield postive externality.
Goods that yield postive externality are usually underproduced. Government can intervene by giving subsidies and grants which encourages production.
A negative externality is when the cost of economic activities to third parties exceeds the benefit. Pollution is an example of negative externality. Goods that yield negative externality are usually overproduced. Government can intervene by taxing companies producing negative externality. This would increase the cost of production and discourage production.
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