Explanation:
-This is called descent by modification.
Natural selection, mutation, genetic drift and gene flow lead to microevolution; over time, this is seen as changes to allelic frequencies within a population. In passing these genes from parent to offspring, more alleles, or variants are formed; these allow future generations to better exploit their environment in a process called descent by modification.
In Galapagos finches, ancestral population groups had widespread variation in beak morphology within a diverse population. Over time, their variation in beak sizes and shapes coincided with their niches and available food source; the finches which developed adaptations to their environment were more likely to survive and produce young; this was passed onto their offspring. Their specialized beaks allow them to adequately exploit the available resources, by utilizing the more abundant food source.
Further Explanation:
All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. To produce daughter cells during cell division, the chromosomes (total number of chromosomes (2n)) are copied before the cell splits into two daughter cells. This process is known as mitosis, and occurs in cell division and growth processes. Two new nuclei are formed, along with identical cells. These are the same as the parent cell and the chromosome number (2n) is maintained.
Conversely in meiosis, the number of chromosomes (2n) is halved through meiotic divisions, producing 4 (n) germ cells (sperm or eggs), each containing half the number of chromosomes as its parent cell. Crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization ensure genetic variation.
This variation refers to the genetic characteristics present within a species; they form new traits called alleles, which may confer adaptations that increase the fitness of a species, along with ensuring survival by conferring an advantage.
Additionally, natural selection, mutation, genetic drift and gene flow lead to microevolution; over time, this is seen as changes to allelic frequencies within a population. In passing these genes from parent to offspring, more alleles, or variants are formed; these allow future generations to better exploit their environment in a process called descent by modification.
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