Southern Republicans during Reconstruction:
a. excluded former Confederates from their ranks.
b. established the South’s first state-supported schools.
c. redistributed most former plantation lands to freedmen and poor whites.
d. helped elect African-American governors in four states.
e. ran the most corrupt governments in American history.
Explanation: The Reconstruction of the United States was a period of United States history that began after the end of the Civil War in 1865 and lasted until 1877.