An open box is to be made from a rectangular piece of cardboard which is 12 inches by 20 inches by cutting equal squares from the corners and turning up the sides. Find the size of the square which gives the box of largest volume.

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Answer:

side of the square    x  =  2.43 in

Area of the square   x² =  5.91 in²

Step-by-step explanation:

The piece of cardboard  is

20  in    *      12    in    (rectangle)   we are going to cut four squares each in a corner of that piece then

V(b)  =  ( 12  - 2x )* ( 20 - 2x) *x

V(b)  =  ( 240 - 24x - 40x + 4x² ) *x          V(b)  = ( 240 -  64x  + 4x²)*x

V(b)  = 240x  - 64x²  +  4x³

Taking derivatives both sides of equation

V´(b)  =  240  - 128x  + 12x²

Then    V´(b)  =  0          240  - 128x  + 12x²  = 0

A second degree equation solving we have

12x²  -128x  + 240  = 0     ⇒  3x² - 32x  + 60

x₁,₂  = [ 32 ± √(32)² - 720] / 6    ⇒  x₁,₂  = [ 32 ± 17.44]/6

x₁  =  8.24 in   we dismiss this value since 2 times this value is bigger than one side which is not possible

x₂  =  2.43 in  then the square is  (2.43)² =  5.91 in²

The side length of the square cut out from the 12 inches by 20 inches

cardboard to give the largest volume is approximately 2.43 inches.

How can the correct size of square to cut out be calculated?

The dimensions of the cardboard = 12 inches by 20 inches

Let x represent the size of the square cutout from the corners, we have;

The volume of the box, V = (12 - 2·x)(20-2·x)·x = 4·x³ - 64·x² + 240·x

At the largest volume, we have;

[tex]\dfrac{dV}{dx} = \mathbf{\dfrac{d}{dx} \left(4 \cdot x^3 - 64 \cdot x^2 + 240 \cdot x\right)} = 12\cdot x^2 - 128\cdot x + 240 = 0[/tex]

(12·x² - 128·x + 240) = 0

Which gives;

[tex]x = \dfrac{-(-128) \pm\sqrt{(-128)^2 - 4 \times 12 \times 240} }{2 \times 12} = \mathbf{ \dfrac{128 \pm 16 \cdot \sqrt{19} }{24}}[/tex]

x ≈ 2.43 or x ≈ 8.24

The possible value is x ≈ 2.43 inches

The side length of the square that gives the largest volume of the open box is x ≈ 2.43 inches

Learn more about largest (maximum) value of a function here:

https://brainly.com/question/5722003

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