Kevin Long's first year as unit supervisor for a local manufacturer was quite a challenge. To encourage his subordinates to meet unit and company goals, he instituted quality circles—groups of employees who meet regularly to solve quality-related issues. These groups were then enabled to directly affect unit operations. Kevin's managerial attitude reflects the assumptions underlying
a. the expectancy theory
b. Theory Y
c. the equity theory
d. Theory X

In theory Y, the managers consider employees as ambitious, self-motivated and eager to accept greater responsibilities. They believe employees enjoy working and can exercise self-direction and self-control. In theory Y assumptions, employees are intelligent, creative and innovative and can contribute enormously towards solving the organization problems.

Kevin has adopted the theory Y management principles. He involves his juniors in the decision-making process, implying a participative management style. Kevin, as the supervisor, has demonstrated faith in the abilities of his subordinates. He has created an environment where workers have the freedom to use their talents to increase productivity in the company.