The difference lays in the position of the -OH groups bonded to the 3rd and 4th carbons in the molecules.
Explanation:
You may find in the attached picture the chemical structure of opened D-glucose and D-galactose.
You may see from the structure that D-glucose have the -OH group bonded to the 3rd carbon on the left side of the molecule while the D-galactose have the the -OH groups bonded to the 3rd carbon and the 4th carbon to the left side of the molecule.
Learn more about:
structure of organic compounds
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