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Answer:
monarch - church, pope was the main challenge, especially after 1000. Another challenge could be rebellious aristocracy (king John in England, French kings during the 100yrs was were challenged by dukes of Burgundy, Elizabeth I was challenged by Catholic nobles etc etc.). Benefits = they were sovereign rulers with many open possibilities (needed always one thing ..good councelors).
clergy - big challenge: heretics, hereticism/benefits: probably the biggest and the most influential organization of Middle Ages with big influence in all areas of life.
nobles - benefits: privileges, always possibility to rise higher (through marriage, purchase of lands, participation in war, religious policy or relations with the king)/ challenges: rebellions of serfs, political aliances against them, accusation from the church (because of marriage policy or religious policy)
knights: - benefits: participation in wars can bring them fame and money/challenges: poverty
artisans: - benefits: if they get contract from royal court or papacy they can be really well off, famous and prestigious/ challenges: some of them always on the edge of heresy, arts were always part of politics (it can be dangerous).
merchants: - benefits: they can become influential and powerful if their wealth is expected to help to popes, kings, aristocracy/challenges: dangerous especially if they are Jews
Serfs: - benefits: in certain areas of life they are relatively free/challenges: poverty, obedience (sometimes too much).
Explanation:
All these answers are correct but do not forget that things were changing depending on time (historical period) and country (there were many different countries in medieval Europe).
Medieval society was comprised of several social classes, which although different from the social classes we have today, had advantages and disadvantages, which can be seen as challenges.
Based on this, we can state that:
- Monarch: Was represented by kings, queens, and their descendants. As for perks, they had full control of all points of society, in addition to having a wide range of servants. As for disadvantages, they had to deal with wars, economic problems, and revolts.
- Clergy: It was represented by the religious leaders. Their advantage was the great power and influence they had over the monarchy, their disadvantage was the existence of religious sections, which diminished that power.
- Nobles: It was represented by the wealthy people who had an important place at court. They benefited from political influence and economic power and had as disadvantages their dependence on the monarchy and religious accusations.
- Knights: It was represented by the warriors of the country. Their benefits were the salaries they received and the fame they could obtain. Their disadvantage was the wars that were being waged and the economic problems that could lower wages.
- Craftsmen: It was represented by artists and artisans. Their benefit was the high price of their products, which could generate a lot of money. Their disadvantages were economic instability and religious control.
- Merchants: It was represented by merchants, that is, people who sold some product on the market. They had privileges the control of important products for society. Their disadvantages were economic instability, prejudice, and attacks.
- Serfs: It was represented by people who served the monarchy or the nobility. Their privileges were good salary and protection. Its disadvantages were the abuses they had to suffer from members of the monarchy and nobility.
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