The electrons that whiz about outside the nucleus have a negative charge. They are held in the atom by the positive charge of the nucleus. ... An atom that gains or loses an electron becomes an ion. If it gains a negative electron, it becomes a negative ion.
Question 1; The atom that has lost an electron becomes a positively charged ion (called a cation), while the atom that picks up the extra electron becomes a negatively charged ion (called an anion).
Explanation:
Question 2; Van der Waals forces hold liquids and solids together and help determine their physical characteristics.
