Answer:
d) analogy
Explanation:
Analogy refers to a linguistic comparison of two objects that emphasizes the similarities between those two objects. They are usually used to describe a new concept by comparing it to something that is more familiar to the audience.
In this example, the city planner was giving a speech on sending citizens appropriate text messages regarding city and states issues. To make her point she used the example of the problems that were caused when the state of Hawaii accidentally sent out a text about an incoming missile (which in that time created panic in the population).
Thus, she is trying to make her point by comparing it to a situation that is more familiar (the Hawaii accidental text) to the people she's talking to.
Thus, we can say that she used an analogy.