Question

2. How does ATP generation in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle differ from ATP generation via the electron transport chain

Answer 1

The Krebs cycle produces the CO2 that you breath out. This stage produces most of the energy ( 34 ATP molecules, compared to only 2 ATP for glycolysis and 2 ATP for Krebs cycle). The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria. This stage converts the NADH into ATP.

Answer 2

ATP generation in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle differ from ATP generation via the electron transport chain in the following way:

• Glycolysis is a pathway prior to cellular respiration, during which for each glucose (which has 6 carbons) two pyruvates are formed (a compound made up of 3 carbons) and two ATP molecules are produced.

• Unlike the other two stages of cellular respiration, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• The pyruvate resulting from this first pathway must enter the mitochondria to continue its transformation into Acetyl-CoA and thus be able to be used in the Krebs cycle.

• The Krebs Cycle operates thanks to different enzymes that completely oxidize Acetyl-CoA and is a stage prior to oxidative phosphorylation where ATP is "assembled" in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme called ATP synthase.

• As electrons "travel" down the electron transport chain in a series of redox reactions, the released energy is used to pump protons through the mitochondrial membrane.

• When these protons diffuse back through ATP synthetase, their energy is used to bind an additional phosphate group to an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule, leading to the generation of ATP.

• This results in the generation of 34 ATP during the electron transport stage.

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