Question

Fluorine has a higher ionization energy than
oxygen because
1. the effective nuclear charge of oxygen is
greater than that of fluorine.
2. the outer orbitals of fluorine are located
further from the nucleus than the outer or-
bitals of oxygen.
3. the outer orbitals of oxygen are located
closer to the nucleus than the outer orbitals
of fluorine.
4. the effective nuclear charge of fluorine is
greater than that of oxygen.
5. False; oxygen has a greater ionization
energy than fluorine,

Answer 1

The effective nuclear charge of fluorine is greater than that of oxygen. Hence, option 4 is correct.

What is the nuclear charge?

The effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron is also called the core charge. It is possible to determine the strength of the nuclear charge by the oxidation number of the atom.

Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy that is needed to remove an electron from an atom of a given element or compound (thus making it an ion).

To become stable, both fluorine and oxygen try to full octet or set of 8 electrons in their outer shells.

Oxygen has only 6 electrons in its outer shell, while fluorine has 7.  Fluorine needs 1 electron to fulfil octet than oxygen. Therefore, it is more difficult to remove an electron from fluorine than from oxygen, giving it higher ionization energy.

Hence, the 1st ionisation energy of oxygen is less than that of fluorine because the outer electrons are less bounded with the nucleus.

Learn more about nuclear charges here:

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