Dr. Arquette is concerned that an infant he is treating does not appear to have established any emotional bonds between herself and the adults who care for her. She shows no affection toward her mother, she stiffens up whenever her mother picks her up or sings to her, and she does not show any interest in looking at her mother’s face. Dr. Arquette’s concern relates to this little girl’s development of:
a. personality
b. emotionality
c. temperament
d. attachment

The concept of Attachment refers to the bond that forms between the infant and his/her main caregiver, it allows an infant to separate from the caregiver without distress and begin to explore the world.

There are 4 different kind of attachments that can be developed:

Secure attachment: they are distressed when the caregiver goes away but they welcome him/her back when he/she reappears.
Anxious-resistant attachment: These children are frightened by separation and continues to feel anxious even when the caregiver has returned.
Avoidant attachment: These children react calmly to the separation and they don't welcome him/her back when they return.
Disorganized attachment: These children manifest ambivalent behavior toward a caregiver upon return.

The infant from the example doesn't seem to have established emotional bonds with her caregivers, she shows no affection towards her mom and doesn't show interest in looking at her mom's face. Since the Dr's concerns refer to the bonding of this child with her caregivers, we can conclude that his concern refers to the development of attachment.