Answer:
see explanation
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate 2f , multiply each of the components of f by the scalar 2
To add/ subtract, add/ subtract corresponding components
(a)
2f = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2(4)\\2(1)\\\end{array}\right][/tex] = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}8\\2\\\end{array}\right][/tex]
(b)
f + g = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}4+5\\1+3\\\end{array}\right][/tex] = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}9\\4\\\end{array}\right][/tex]
(c)
2f - g = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}8-5\\2-3\\\end{array}\right][/tex] = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}3\\-1\\\end{array}\right][/tex]
