States cannot pass laws that contradict the Constitution, is the effect of the supremacy clause in the Constitution.
What are Laws?
In order to control conduct, social or political institutions make and enforce laws, however the exact concept of a law is still up for debate.
It has been called both a science and the art of justice, among other things.
Statutes can be created by a group of legislators or a single lawmaker; the administration can issue decrees and regulations; or judges can set precedent, mainly in common law jurisdictions.
Private individuals have the power to enact legally binding agreements, such as arbitration clauses that substitute alternative dispute resolution procedures for traditional court action.
A constitution, whether written or implied, and the rights enshrined within may have an impact on the laws as they are being made. Politics, economics, history, and society are all shaped by the law.
What is Constitution?
The legal foundation of a nation, organization, or other form of institution, a constitution is a collection of fundamental principles or recognized precedents that generally specify how that body is to be governed.
A written constitution is said to be one that contains these principles in single legal document or group of legal papers; a codified constitution is one that contains all of these principles in a single comprehensive document.
A well-known example of a non-codified constitution is the United Kingdom's constitution, which is instead contained in various basic Acts of a legislature, legal decisions, or treaties.
Hence, option D is correct.
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