As Carolyn walks through a shopping mall, she happens to pass an older woman sitting on a bench clutching her arm and moaning in pain. The presence of many other shoppers in the mall will most likely increase the probability that Carolyn will:
a. experience contempt for the older woman.
b. help the woman by calling an ambulance.
c. experience a sense of empathy for the older woman.
d. fail to notice the older woman's problem.
e. experience the emotional benefits of altruism by helping the older woman.
