Question

y''+y'+y=0, y(0)=1, y'(0)=0

Answer 1

Answer:

$y=e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( \cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right ) \right )$

Step-by-step explanation:

A second order linear , homogeneous ordinary differential equation has form $ay''+by'+cy=0$.

Given: $y''+y'+y=0$

Let $y=e^{rt}$ be it's solution.

We get,

$\left ( r^2+r+1 \right )e^{rt}=0$

Since $e^{rt}\neq 0$, $r^2+r+1=0$

{ we know that for equation $ax^2+bx+c=0$, roots are of form $x=\frac{-b\pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ }

We get,

$y=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{1^2-4}}{2}=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{3}i}{2}$

For two complex roots $r_1=\alpha +i\beta \,,\,r_2=\alpha -i\beta$, the general solution is of form $y=e^{\alpha t}\left ( c_1\cos \beta t+c_2\sin \beta t \right )$

i.e $y=e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( c_1\cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+c_2\sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right ) \right )$

Applying conditions y(0)=1 on $e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( c_1\cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+c_2\sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right ) \right )$, $c_1=1$

So, equation becomes $y=e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( \cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+c_2\sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right ) \right )$

On differentiating with respect to t, we get

$y'=\frac{-1}{2}e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( \cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+c_2\sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right ) \right )+e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{2} \sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+c_2\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )\right )$

Applying condition: y'(0)=0, we get $0=\frac{-1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c_2\Rightarrow c_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

Therefore,

$y=e^{\frac{-t}{2}}\left ( \cos\left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right )+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sin \left ( \frac{\sqrt{3}t}{2} \right ) \right )$