The Guano Islands Act allowed the United States to claim uninhabited islands.
What is The Guano Islands Act ?
The Guano Islands Act (11 Stat. 119, enacted August 18, 1856) is a federal statute of the United States that authorises citizens to acquire control of unclaimed islands with guano deposits in the name of the United States. Anywhere in the world is acceptable as long as the islands are uninhabited and not under the control of another state. It also creates the criminal jurisdiction of the United States in these territories and gives the President of the United States the authority to use the military to defend such interests.
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