Answer:
Defense mechanisms
Explanation:
Two examples:
If you want a piece of chocolate cake, but you're on a strict diet, you might use rationalization (making an excuse), by saying that you have done well on your diet for a week, so cake is a good reward.
If you are first runner up in a beauty pageant, you might hug and congratulate the winner in a friendly manner, even though you don't feel friendly. This is reaction formation -- expressing an emotion or feeling different from what you really feel.
