Answer:
Pendulum:
A pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob) attached by a string to a pivot point. As the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in a periodic fashion.
Energy Transformations:
From Max to Mean Position:
When the bob of the pendulum is held high at one maximum. All the energy of the pendulum is in the form of Potential Energy. The speed of the bob is zero. When released, the bob starts moving downward and as it moves, it gains speed. Here, the Potential Energy of the system is being converted into Kinetic Energy. At the mean position, when the bob is at the minimum height, the potential energy of the system is zero and Kinetic Energy is maximum as the bob is at its maximum speed.
From Mean to Max Position:
Due to Inertia, the bob at the speed v continues its motion and moves towards the other extreme position. And as it do so, the speed decreases and becomes zero at the extreme position. The Kinetic energy converts into Potential Energy,
The motion thus continues.
A graph has been attached for better understanding of the Energy Transformations.
