Genes are encoded by a nucleotide sequence present in a DNA and are located on the chromosomes. They control the transmission and expression of a particular trait from parents to offspring.
Further Explanation:
A part of DNA that determines a functional trait is called a gene. A trait can be eye color or height that can be passed on to the successive generation. There are different versions of a gene present in different people. These different forms of the gene are known as alleles. The same gene is present in different forms due to a slight difference in their nucleotide sequence. For instance, for different hair colors, different alleles are responsible.
The genes never occur in pairs and result in the expression of a given trait whereas alleles always form pairs and bring about variation in the expression of a particular trait. A person contains two alleles that can be dominant or recessive. One allele is contributed by the mother while the other one by the father. When both the alleles of a gene are the same (either recessive or dominant) they are termed as homozygous while if both the alleles are different in the pair, they are called heterozygous. A group of genes together makes up a genotype that determines a particular trait in an individual. The genotype is physically expressed as phenotype.
The parents that are homozygous in nature are pure-breeding or true breeding and will carry forward the specific trait to the progeny as they do not contain both but either pair of the recessive or dominant alleles. The parents heterozygous for a trait will not be able to produce exactly the same phenotype in the offspring due to the presence of both types of alleles.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Chapter: Genetic Interactions
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Genes, alleles, DNA, nucleotide sequence, chromosomes, trait, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, true-breeding, pure-breeding.
