As defined by Arrhenius:
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (H+). In other words, an acid increases the concentration of H+ ions in an aqueous solution. This protonation of water yields the hydronium ion (H3O+); in modern times, H+ is used as a shorthand for H3O+ because it is now known that a bare proton (H+) does not exist as a free species in aqueous solution.
An Arrhenius base is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide (OH–) ions. In other words, a base increases the concentration of OH– ions in an aqueous solution.
Hope this helps!
Explanation:
According to Arrhenius concept:
An acid is defined as a substance which donates hydronium ions [tex](H_3O^+)[/tex] in water.
[tex]HA(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow A^-(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex]
For example: hydrochloric acid , nitric acid etc.
[tex]HCl(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow Cl^-(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex]
[tex]HNO_3(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow NO_3^{-}(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex]
A base is defined as a substance which donates hydroxide ions [tex](OH^-)[/tex] when dissolved in water.
[tex]BOH(aq)\rightarrow B^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]
For example: sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.
[tex]NaOH(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]
[tex]Ca(OH)_2(aq)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2OH^-(aq)[/tex]
