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Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 13, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. Chromosome 13 is made up of about 115 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and represents between 3.5 and 4 percent of the total DNA in cells.

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A chromosome consists of two long strands of DNA containing nucleotides as building blocks, which are in turn composed of many different atoms.

  • A chromosome is a linear fragment of DNA, i.e., a double helix structure composed of two opposite strands of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonds.

  • Each DNA strand is a linear series of nucleotides as building blocks.

  • A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base (i.e., Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine or Thymine).

  • A phosphate group is composed of a Phosphorus atom bonded to four Oxygen atoms.

  • A deoxyribose sugar is composed of five Carbon atoms,  10 Hydrogen atoms, and 4 Oxygen atoms.

  • Nitrogenous bases are divided into pyrimidines and purines. Pyrimidines (Guanine and Cytosine) have two Nitrogen atoms and Purines (Adenine and Guanine) have four Nitrogen atoms.

  • Therefore, each nucleotide subunit consists of many atoms, which include Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P).

In conclusion, a chromosome consists of two long strands of DNA containing nucleotides as building blocks, which are in turn composed of many different atoms.

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