1. Theme: e) the overall observation or message about life conveyed by an author through a piece of literature
2. Tone: a) the author's attitude toward the subject he/she is writing about
3. Audience: d) the people the author intended to reach through a piece of literature
4. Main idea: b. What the author is saying about his/her subject in a piece of non-fiction
5. Point of view: c) the author's relationship to the audience and subject in a piece of writing